Quality and contamination of groundwater in the urban area of the municipality of Apodi-RN.
Groundwater; Land use and land cover; Water quality; Contaminant sources; Aquifer vulnerability.
Groundwater has been used for urban supply in most Brazilian municipalities. In some of these, this is the only source available, as is the case of the city of Apodi/RN, which has a water demand all met by these waters. the urban area of Apodi is growing over the recharge zone of the Açu Aquifer, potentiating the risks caused by the presence of contaminating sources related to urban land uses and covers. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effects of land use and land cover on groundwater quality in the city of Apodi. To this end, an update of the well register was made, resulting in 70 wells, in which 26 were sampled to know physical and chemical parameters. It was found that the main potential sources of contamination of the waters under study are septic and rudimentary tanks, cemeteries, jet washes and fuel storage stations. Regarding the qualitative situation of the waters studied, some quality parameters from the analysis of 26 wells were above the Maximum Allowable Value - VMP by the Consolidation Ordinance No. 5/2017 of the Ministry of Health - MS, such as pH (12%), STD (7.70%), Chloride (11.53%), Nitrite (3.84%) and Nitrate (38.46%). The analysis of the spatialization of nitrate showed that the central areas of the city, the most consolidated part, has the highest rates, which are explained by having septic and rudimentary tanks contaminating the waters for a longer time. In addition, this contributed to a spatialization of the quality and discussion about the contamination of groundwater, contributing to a better management and conservation of a recharge zone of the Açu aquifer, the most important in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.